India’s Golden Triangle: Beyond History, Culture, Food and Architecture
Posted March 4, 2021
Having traveled to India a couple of years ago for a speaking engagement I had I was immediately struck by how vast the country is–so vast that it might take the better part of a lifetime to see it. Ask any traveler. They’ll tell you the same and locals would likely concur.
So how would one go about getting a good taste of what India has to offer?
If you want to experience a lot of India in a short time, traveling one of the tourist circuits is your best bet. Depending on your interests, you could choose the Nilgiris circuit, which includes Bangalore, Mysore, and Ooty, or the Himachal circuit, which covers the picturesque cities of Himachal Pradesh in the western Himalayas. However, the most popular route among foreign tourists is the Golden Triangle, featuring Delhi, Jaipur, and Agra.
The three cities in the Golden Triangle—Delhi, Jaipur, and Agra—are almost always part of the itinerary for first-time visitors to India. Together, they offer a condensed introduction to the history, culture, cuisine, and diversity of North India. One can say that these three cities combined provide a crash course in understanding India above the Tropic Of Cancer.
Let’s look at these cities one by one:
Delhi
Delhi, the capital of India, is an excellent starting point for any tourist trip to the country due to its rich historical heritage, diverse culture, and vibrant urban life. The city attracts people from all over North India who come in search of jobs and a better life. Some settle here permanently, while others work hard, save for retirement, and eventually return to their hometowns.
Delhi offers so much in terms of history and architecture that it could take weeks to explore thoroughly. Ancient monuments like the Qutub Minar and Humayun’s Tomb coexist with modern marvels such as the Lotus Temple and India Gate, providing a seamless blend of the old and new. The city provides an immersive experience with its bustling markets, delicious street food, and various cultural festivals.
However, be aware that Delhi has been grappling with air pollution for years. While traveling, try to minimize your use of plastic and reduce your carbon footprint. Delhi needs sustainable travelers more than any other city in the world.
The history of Delhi dates back to 700 BC. It gained prominence as the capital during the Delhi Sultanate when Qutb-ud-din Aibak began constructing the Qutub Minar. Delhi continued to be the capital throughout the Sultanate era and under various dynasties, except for a period when Babur changed the capital to Agra, which is also part of the Golden Triangle.
Moreover, Delhi’s central location makes it a convenient hub for traveling to other parts of India. Its well-connected transport system, including a major international airport and extensive railway network, allows easy access to the rest of the country. Starting your journey in Delhi not only gives you a deep dive into India’s rich past but also sets the stage for exploring the diverse landscapes and cultures that the country has to offer.
Must-see spots
After exploring Delhi, you might feel like there’s still so much more to see. The city is rich with history, culture, and unique attractions that it’s challenging to prioritize what to visit. To help you make the most of your time, here are some of Delhi’s unique offerings that you won’t find anywhere else in the world.
Lotus Temple
One of the few modern architectural marvels in India, the Lotus Temple is the Bahai House of Worship. What makes the Lotus Temple truly unique is that, in a country where the majority of the population is Hindu and the dominant minority is Muslim, the most visited religious structure in the city is not affiliated with either religion.
The temple, designed in the shape of a lotus flower, symbolizes purity and peace. Its stunning white marble petals attract visitors from all over the world. Inside, you’ll find a serene and spacious prayer hall where people of all faiths are welcome to meditate and reflect. The Lotus Temple’s tranquil ambiance and breathtaking architecture make it a must-visit spot in Delhi, offering a peaceful retreat from the city’s hustle and bustle.
Purana Qila
Purana Qila, or the Old Fort, is steeped in history. The site has been inhabited since around 332 BC, even before the Mauryan Empire. The current fort began under Mughal emperor Humayun and was later expanded by Sher Shah Suri, who briefly ruled Delhi after defeating Humayun. As you wander through its ancient structures, you’ll come across a bathhouse, a mosque, and the famous library where Humayun tragically fell down the stairs and died. Each corner of Purana Qila whispers stories from the past, making it a fascinating spot for anyone interested in history. The fort also hosts an archaeological museum that showcases artifacts excavated from the site, offering a deeper glimpse into its rich past.
Humayun’s Tomb
Humayun’s Tomb is a true gem of Islamic architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in the mid-16th century by Humayun’s widow, Empress Bega Begum, the tomb is an architectural marvel that predates the Taj Mahal. Walking into its grounds feels like stepping back in time. The blend of Persian and Indian design, the serene gardens, the intricate lattice work, and the imposing dome all evoke a deep sense of history. The tomb is surrounded by lush, symmetrical gardens that represent the Mughal concept of paradise, with pathways, water channels, and fountains adding to the serene atmosphere. It’s a place where you can almost feel the echoes of the past, a reminder of the grandeur and fleeting nature of empires. The site also includes several other significant structures, such as the tomb of Isa Khan, an Afghan noble, further enriching the historical experience.
What makes Delhi special?
Delhi is a vibrant melting pot, bringing together people and cultures from all over India. The city is full of contrasts that make it truly unique. You can explore the upscale markets of South Extension and the bustling flea markets of Sarojini Nagar. There are elegant fine-dining restaurants, and then there’s Chandni Chowk, a paradise for street food enthusiasts. In the newer parts of the city, you’ll see modern high-rises and wide boulevards, while the older sections are a maze of narrow lanes, shanties, and tightly clustered houses. The diversity in Delhi is so immense that it feels like an entire country within a city, showcasing more variety than some European nations.
Jaipur
Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, is a vibrant and rapidly growing city that beautifully showcases the Rajput lifestyle and the rich history of the region. Unlike the bustling diversity of Delhi, Jaipur has a unique charm and historical significance that stands out on its own. The principal attractions are:
Amer Fort
Amer Fort is a must-see, perched on a hill overlooking Maota Lake and the Saffron Garden. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is not just a fort; it’s a sprawling palace complex that takes you back in time. The fort’s architecture is a stunning blend of Hindu and Mughal styles, with its massive walls, elegant arches, and delicate frescoes.
As you enter the fort, you’re greeted by a series of grand courtyards. Each courtyard has its own unique character, from the Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience) with its impressive columns to the private quarters of the kings and queens. The fort is like a maze, with narrow passageways leading to hidden rooms and chambers. You’ll find yourself wandering through a labyrinth of tunnels, stumbling upon beautiful temples and intricately carved gates.
One of the highlights is the Sheesh Mahal, or the “Mirror Palace,” where the walls and ceilings are adorned with tiny mirrors that reflect light in a dazzling display. It’s easy to imagine the royal families and their courtiers walking these halls, surrounded by such opulence.
But Amer Fort is not just about beauty; it’s also a testament to the strategic prowess of the Rajput rulers. The fort’s design includes clever defensive features, like secret escape routes and fortified walls, which protected its inhabitants from invaders.
Spending time at Amer Fort is like taking a deep dive into the grandeur of Rajputana. You get a real sense of the opulence and the historical significance of the place. Every corner has a story, and you could easily spend half a day exploring its many nooks and crannies, each revealing a new facet of its rich history.
Hawa Mahal
The Hawa Mahal, or “Palace of Winds,” is the iconic symbol of Jaipur, and it’s often the first thing people think of when picturing the Pink City. The palace is famous for its 953 small windows, each adorned with intricate latticework. This design isn’t just for show—it keeps the interior cool during the scorching Rajasthan summers. These windows also allowed the royal women to watch street festivals without being seen, preserving their privacy while letting them enjoy the festivities.
Many visitors are surprised to learn that the side of the Hawa Mahal facing the street is actually the back of the building. It’s a bit of an optical illusion that adds to the palace’s charm. The front of the palace, hidden from the bustling street, is equally impressive with its grand arches and detailed carvings.
The Hawa Mahal is a true testament to the ingenuity and artistry of the Rajput craftsmen. It’s more than just an architectural wonder; it’s a window into the regal past of Jaipur. Each window and corridor tells a story of a time when elegance and practicality went hand in hand. The palace stands as a beautiful reminder of the city’s rich history and the skilled artisans who created it.
City Palace
This palace is still the residence of the descendants of the royal family of Jaipur. It is home to several public buildings, restaurants, galleries, and also a museum. If you want to understand the history and heritage of Jaipur in one go, this is a place you should explore thoroughly.
What makes Jaipur special?
The old town (Pink City) will make you feel that you’re in medieval times. It features old shops, preserved to the best possible extent, handicraft markets, lip-smacking street food, and one of the most hospitable local populations you’ll ever come across.
Agra
The city of Agra is home to the Taj Mahal. Do I need to say more to convince you to visit it?
Agra was the capital city of the Mughal Rule from Babar till Jahangir. Shah Jahan made Delhi the capital after he took over the throne. Mughals developed the place extensively, and most of what we see in Agra today was created by the Mughals. It is also home to Fatehpur Sikri, the interim capital of the Mughal Empire during Akbar’s reign.
Other notable attractions are Agra Fort, Itmad-ud-daulah’s Tomb, and Akbar’s Tomb. While you’re there, you must also visit the Sheroes Cafe. It’s a one-of-a-kind cafe, run by acid attack survivors.
What makes Agra special?
Agra is the ultimate reservoir of the Mughal Legacy. Take a stroll on any lane, and you’ll come across a piece of this heritage.
By far, my trip to India was one of the most transformational journeys I’ve taken and I can’t wait to return and explore some of the coastline and southern cities.
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